Boyertown Area School District | Case 01270-09-10 | 2010-09-07
Pennsylvania special education due-process decision
- Case number
- 01270-09-10
- Date
- 09/07/2010
- Parties / district (official listing)
- Boyertown Area School District
- Hearing officer
- Rosemary Mullaly
- Issues (official listing)
- Independent Educational Evaluation Evaluation Autism Evidence
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Decision text
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This is a redacted version of the original decision. Select details have been removed from the
decision to preserve anonymity of the student. The redactions do not affect the substance of the
document.
Pennsylvania
Special Education Hearing Officer
DECISION
Child’s Name: R.S.
Date of Birth: [redacted]
Dates of Hearing: July 26, August 11, 12, 13, 2010
CLOSED HEARING
ODR No. 1270‐09‐10 KE
Parties to the Hearing: Representative
Parents Parent Attorney
Parent[s] Mark W. Voigt, Esquire
Plymouth Meeting Executive Campus
600 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 400
Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462
mwvoigt@aol.com
School District School District Attorney
Dr. Dion Betts, Superintendent Ms. Sharon Montanye, Esquire
Boyertown Area School District Sweet Stevens Katz & Williams
120 N. Monroe Street 331 Butler Avenue, PO Box 5069
Boyertown, PA 19512 New Britain, PA 18901
dbetts@boyertownasd.org smontanye@sweetstevens.com
Date Record Closed: August 23, 2010
Date of Decision: September 7, 2010
Hearing Officer: Rosemary E. Mullaly, Esquire
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INTRODUCTION AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Student is a [teenaged] (DOB [redacted]) resident of the Boyertown Area School District
(“the District”). [Student] has been identified as a “child with a disability” with the
classification of “emotional disturbance.” The hearing in this matter was initiated by the
Parents on June 18, 2010. The parties engaged in an unsuccessful resolution meeting on
July 1, 2010. This hearing took place in four sessions on July 26 and August 11, 12 and 13,
2010.
To the extent that evidence was placed in the record that constituted hearsay and was
objected to by opposing counsel, it was not used to support a
finding of fact and was
excluded from the administrative record.
The Parents, through counsel, assert that the Student was deprived of a free appropriate
public education because [Student] did not make appropriate educational progress.
Moreover, they assert the District’s failed to protect the Student from bullying on the bus
and
at school, and it failed to act to discipline individuals who were involved in the bullying
of the Student. The District asserts that it investigated every reported incident reported by
the Parent and took action when sufficient evidence was obtained.
The Parents further assert that the Student cannot return to [Student’s]
prior educational
setting due to the impact of the bullying. The Parents assert that the District’s proposed
placement is inappropriate. The relief being sought by the Parents is 1080 hours of
compensatory education, tuition reimbursement for [Redacted] Academy [hereafter
Academy] – [a] private school which has accepted the student for the 2010‐2011 school
year.
Finally, the Parents originally requested reimbursement for an independent educational
evaluation performed by Dr. K. By means of stipulation at the hearing, the District has
agreed to reimburse the Parent for the costs that they incurred for Dr. K’s evaluation at the
hearing, so the parties
no longer require a factual and legal determination by the hearing
officer on this issue. An order is contained within this decision compelling the District to
comply with its stipulation regarding the evaluation.
ISSUES
1. Whether the Student’s Parents are entitled to compensatory education for the time
period from June 18, 2008 until the present for the District’s failure to provide a free
appropriate public education and appropriate extended school year services for the
summer of 2008, 2009, and 2010?
2. Whether the Parents are entitled to tuition reimbursement for the 2010‐2011 school
year for the Student’s education at the Academy’s [redacted] location?
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FINDINGS OF FACT
1. The Student was first identified as a child with a disability in November 2004 when
[Student] was in 3rd grade. The Parents provided the District with a copy of the
10/27/04 psychiatric report by Dr. B which indicated that the Student’s symptoms were
consistent with an untreated Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct
Disorder, and other more serious levels of psychological disturbance. The District was
aware that the Student was seen by a neurologist through Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia and was taking Adderall, and Adderall XR as well as Depakote. (P‐2, at 4‐5;
P‐3, at 2).
2. In the District’s November 18, 2004 initial evaluation of the Student, when [Student]
was in third grade, it administered a variety of assessments. The Evaluation Report
noted that the lowest score that the Student received on WISC‐IV ability testing was in
practical judgment and social reasoning abilities. On the Child Symptom Inventory, it
noted that the Student had numerous elevations of the Asperger’s Syndrome and
Autism Spectrum scales. In particular, [Student] had elevated problems with peers and
social relations and distress over changes in routines and is unable to get along with the
other children. The next time the District reports functional levels from administered
assessments related to the Student’s language and social functioning was in December
2008. (P‐3, at 3, 4, 6S‐8, at 4).
3. In November, 2004, the Student was identified as a child with a disability with a
classification of emotional disturbance and was placed in learning support. In the
January 2005 IEP, the only program modifications contained, specially designed
instruction and support for school personnel provided were a behavior plan and
“District itinerant/consultant” “as needed.” (P‐3, at 10; P‐4, 1, 7).
4. The only issues of concern addressed by the Behavior Support Plan referenced in the
1/4/05 IEP were “unprovoked anger outbreaks, defiance of authority when directed to
complete work, loud noises, disruptive behavior and inability to stay in seat. (P‐4, 9).
5. In the District’s Occupational Therapy Evaluation of May 2, 2005, the OT noted that the
Student engaged in a variety of sensory seeking behaviors. As a result, the District
included occupational therapy services to the Student’s IEP. (P‐9, at 2; P‐11, at 1‐2).
6. The Student’s February 24, 2006 IEP called for an educational placement in “Learning
Support” and contained the following specially designed instruction: “See behavior plan,
Allow for breaks to be built into [Student’s] schedule, Positive Reinforcement.” The
related services provided for a 1:1 aide for 6.5 hours daily in the general classroom
and/or LS room. The supports for school personnel were: “Teacher consultation/LS
checklists” in “GES” weekly; and Special Ed. Itinerant consultants in “GES” as needed.
The Student did not receive any instruction in the LS classroom; it was one of three
alternative locations for breaks in [Student’s] schedule or for receipt of positive
reinforcement. (P‐13, at 8, 12).
7. The only issues of concern addressed by the Behavior Support Plan referenced in the
2/24/06 IEP were “unprovoked anger outbreaks, work incompletion, defiance of
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authority when directed to complete work, loud noises, disruptive behavior and inability
to stay in seat. (P‐14, 1).
8. Prior to the District’s November 6, 2007 Reevaluation Report, the Parents’ notified the
District that the Student had been diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder, was medicated
to address the issues related to this disorder and was seeing a psychiatrist on a regular
basis. (P‐22, at 1, 4).
9. Each of the Student’s IEPs from January 5, 2005 to the present contained Behavior
Intervention Plans. (P‐4, at 9; P‐7, at 8; P‐13, at 8and P‐14, at 1‐2; P‐19, at 11; P‐24, at
1‐2; P‐28, at 3 and 10; P‐30, at 1; P‐35, at 24‐25; P‐38, at 6; P‐39; P‐43 and P‐44, P‐47, at
6).
10. None of the Student’s IEPs from January 5, 2005 to the present contained direct
instruction by a special education teacher (P‐4, at 7; P‐7, at 6; P‐13, at 10; P‐19, at 8; P‐
23, at 8; P‐28, at 11; P‐29, at 12‐13; P‐35, at 19‐20; P‐38, at 21‐22; P‐39, at 6‐7; P‐47, at
25).
11. The Student’s inappropriate social functioning and peer interaction were noted in the
2004 Evaluation Report (P‐3, at 6) and subsequent Reevaluation Reports (P‐22, at 6; P‐
26, at 2, 5; P‐27, at 4, 9),
12. None of the Behavior Support Plans noted the Student’s inappropriate social
functioning and peer interaction as significant concerns. (P‐4, at 9; P‐7, at 8; P‐13, at
8and P‐14, at 1‐2; P‐19, at 11; P‐24, at 1‐2; P‐28, at 3 and 10; P‐30, at 1; P‐35, at 24‐25;
P‐38, at 6; P‐39; P‐43 and P‐44, P‐47, at 6).
13. While speech goals were added to the Student’s IEP in May 2009, neither the IEPs nor
Behavior Support Plans contained levels of functioning in peer relationship skills or
annual goals or intervention to improve these skills with traditionally developing
students until October, 2009. (P‐3, P‐4, P‐7, P‐13, P‐14, P‐16, P‐19, P‐23, P‐24, P‐26, P‐
28, P‐29, P‐30, P‐33; P‐34, at 2, 3‐7compar P‐35 at 8‐9, 17‐18).
14. Until October 2009 when the Student’s IEP was revised increasing speech therapy to 60
minutes a week, the Student received 30 minutes of speech therapy and the only goal
addressing peer relationship skills was implemented within the therapy session with
other students in need of speech language therapy. (P‐34, at 5; compare S‐20, at 24‐
25).
15. In October 2009, the IEP noted that there were 3‐4 incidents wherein the Student was
injured in or on the way to school and the Parents were concerned with how this will
affect the Student’s emotional state, [Student’s] behavior, and [Student’s] ability to
learn, nothing was placed in the Behavior Support Plan. (P‐35, at 10).
16. The District proposed to conduct a Functional Behavior Assessment to receive new data,
but the Parents requested that it be postponed for 6‐8 weeks. The District agreed to
their request. (S‐20, 4‐5).
17. In October 2009, the District recommended that the Student receive school‐based
counseling through [redacted agency] Services. The Parents did not complete the
paperwork necessary to initiate this service. (S‐16, S‐20, at 28, S‐5; S‐23; N.T.676‐679).
18. The teachers at the Student’s school received Functional Positive Behavior Support
Training on April 12, 2010 to assist in the implementation of the Student BIP. (S‐21)
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19. During the period between May 26, 2006 and October 22, 2009 (May 26, 2006, August
17, 2006, October 22, 2009), the Student was hospitalized at [Redacted]. (P‐62, P‐63, P‐
64 at 11).
20. The Student has had a history of threatening behavior at home that has resulted in
various hospitalizations. The District was not aware of the issues at home or
hospitalizations related to the Student’s level of mental health involvement. (N.T 186,
194, 196).
21. The District’s Behavior Support Plans targeted the Student’s negative behaviors but did
not contain a component to address replacement behaviors. (P‐4, at 9; P‐7, at 8; P‐13,
at 8and P‐14, at 1‐2; P‐19, at 11; P‐24, at 1‐2; P‐28, at 3 and 10; P‐30, at 1; P‐35, at 24‐
25; P‐38, at 6; P‐39; P‐43 and P‐44, P‐47, at 6; N.T. 830‐832).
22. Several incidents occurred on the bus and at school involving other students that
significantly impacted the Student’s ability to engage in the educational process. The
Student’s own behaviors contributed to the inappropriate reactions [Student]
engendered in other students. (P‐50, at 38; N.T. 837; S‐43, at 1‐2).
23. The District offered to provide alternative arrangements for transportation, but the
Parents rejected them and kept the Student on the bus in which [Student] had reported
that [Student] was being hit. (P‐70, at 17; N.T. 399).
24. The District was notified that [redacted] School, an approved private school, did not
accept the Student for the 2010‐2011 school year. The reason provided in the letter for
denying admission was the clinical staff felt that [Student] needed more clinical and
behavioral support than it could offer. (P‐89).
25. The District considered the Student’s need for Extended School Year services for the
Summers of 2008 and 2009 and found that either “Student not eligible for ESY based on
criteria for ESY,” or “ Based on the seven factors outlined in chapter 15 (sic) [the
Student] is currently not eligible for Extended School Year Services, however, data will
be collected throughout the year, and if services are warranted a meeting will be held
prior to March 1st to determine a program. “ (S‐2, at 8; S‐4, at 11, S‐7, at 14).
26. For its determination for the Summer of 2008, the District looked to the goals on the
Students then current IEP which did not contain social skills or language levels of
functioning or annual goals until October 2009. (S‐3, S‐4; compare S‐13, at 7‐8, 14‐16, S‐
37).
27. When the Student returned to School in September 2009, [Student] has more frequent
issues related to inappropriate behaviors than [Student] had prior to the end of the
2008‐2009 school year. (S‐14, S‐15, S‐37).
28. The District found the Student eligible for ESY for the Summer of 2010. (S‐23, at ; S‐31,
at 7). The Parents rejected ESY indicating that they would be away for the Summer (S‐
29, at 1; S‐31, at 7).
29. The District proposed to reevaluate the Student on March 24, 2010. (S‐24)
30. [Redacted] Academy is a private school with two locations, [redacted]. There are no
social workers or psychiatrists regularly at the school. There is no medical management
available there. Currently, there are no students at the [redacted] location who have a
behavior support plan. (N.T. 364‐365).
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31. [Redacted] is a program in [redacted town], PA that has both a therapeutic component
and academic component. There is a full time psychiatrist who sees Students on a daily
basis. The therapeutic component is broken down into acute, sub‐acute and school
based levels providing students with step downs of mental health supports as
appropriate. (N.T. 693‐94).
32. On June 1, 2010, the parent agreed to place the Student in [Redacted] for the 2010‐
2011 school year. (S‐31, at 10‐13; N.T. 215).
33. The Parents’ testimony regarding incidents of violence against the Student were not
based upon [Student’s] actual witness of accounts and no documentation or other non‐
hearsay evidence was presented to support the assertions made on the record to
establish that a teacher [was physically aggressive toward Student]. In certain cases,
contrary evidence exists to support that what the Parent testified to did not occur.
(N.T.475).
34. The District did not receive information that the Student was hit on the bus every day
for thirty days. (N.T. 401, 476‐477).
35. The District put in place certain supports to investigate and address reported violence
against the Student. (S‐14; N.T. 459, 477, 494).
36. During the time period between October 22, 2008 and May 4, 2010, the District
documents that the Student was involved with nine separate altercations wherein the
Student either demonstrated or was the victim of inappropriate physical behaviors. The
District’s investigation indicated that the Student’s behaviors contributed to these
altercations. (S‐15; S‐37).
37. The District documented multiple reports that the Student made inappropriate
comments to peers and adults. (S‐43, 1‐2).
38. At the time that the physical incidents were occurring in the Fall of 2009, the District
proposed to conduct a functional behavioral assessment. The Parents requested that
the District delay completing the assessment for 6‐8 weeks and then caused the
meeting to implement the positive behavior support plan by cancelling the March, 2010
IEP meeting. (S‐13 at 5, N.T. 620).
39. The District collected data on only the goals indicated in the IEPs. Peer relationship skills
were not addressed on the Student’s IEPs nor was data collected on the Student’s level
of functioning until June 2009. ((S‐3, S‐4; compare S‐13, at 7‐8, 14‐16, S‐25 at 13 ).
40. The Student’s 7th grade final marks were four “B”s, one “B+”, four “A‐“, and two “A”.
The grades were based upon achievement within the District’s curriculum with
adaptations and accommodations. (S‐2, at 8; S‐4 at 10; S‐7, at 12; S‐26, at 1).
41. The Student’s achievement test scores for the 2008‐2009 school year for Math were
below basic in 6 areas and proficient in four areas; for Reading and Writing were below
basic in all six areas tested. (S‐38, at 1‐2),
42. The Student’s 8th grade final marks were one “B‐“, three “B”, three “B+”, one “A‐”, and
four “A”s. The grades were based upon achievement within the District’s curriculum
with adaptations and accommodations. (S‐13, at 12; S‐20 at 26‐27; S‐23, at 25‐26; S‐26,
at 2; N.T. 212‐213).
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43. The Student’s achievement test scores for the 2009‐2010 school year for Math were
below basic in one area; basic in one area; proficient in two area; and advanced in four
areas; for Reading and Writing were proficient in all areas. (S‐38, 4‐7).
44. Weekly reports indicate that the Student was not independently and appropriately
making progress in all aspects of [Student’s] functioning – just those areas that the
District was collecting data on. (P‐75, S‐12).
45. The results of Dr. K’s May 10, 2010 evaluation are of limited assistance in planning for
the Student’s educational programming because the assessments were administered at
a time when the student was hospitalized for psychiatric issues and [Student’s]
medications were being adjusted their validity was compromised. Because at the time
of the testing, the Student’s function was impaired by changes in medication and by
other stressors related to [Student’s] hospitalization, the recommendations in Dr. K’s
report are not reliable for purpose of long term educational programming for the
Student. (P‐50; N.T. 797, 798, 801‐803).
46. Dr. K’s test results suggest that testing was compromised by the Student’s hostile
feelings. (N.T. 799; P‐50, at 16).
47. After evaluating the Student, Dr. K recommended an approved private school placement
because the Student needed psychiatric intervention, medical management, emotional
and behavioral support, strong academic program and social skills training. (P‐50, at 38;
N.T. 808).
48. Dr. K did not visit the [Redacted] program the District recommended for the Student for
the Summer of 2010 as well as for the 2010‐2011 school year and her testimony
regarding the [Redacted] program proposed by the District was based upon her general
understanding of what [Redacted] does without an attempt to differentiate between
the various [Redacted] programs. (N.T. 828).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Burden and Standard of Review
The IDEA requires that a court reviewing a hearing decision must base its decision on the
preponderance of the evidence. See 34 C.F.R. 300.516(c)(3); L.E. v. Board of Education, 435
F. 3d 384, 389 ( 2006). At administrative hearings challenging an IEP, the burden
of proof
rests with the party seeking relief. Schaffer ex rel. v. Weast, 546 U.S. 49, __, 126 S.Ct. 528,
537 (2005). In the instant matter, because they seek the equitable remedies of
compensatory education and tuition reimbursement from the District, the Parents bear the
burden of proof.
2. Legal Discussion
a. Free Appropriate Public Education
The IDEA requires the states to provide a “free appropriate public education” (FAPE) to all
students who qualify for special education services. See 20 U.S.C. §1412. The U.S. Supreme
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Court determined that this requirement is met by providing personalized instruction and
support services that permit the child to benefit educationally from the instruction and
following the procedures set forth in the Act. See Bd. of Educ. of Hendrick Hudson Central
School District v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176 (1982). Procedural violations may support a claim for
relief only if those violations impeded a child’s right to receive FAPE, or they significantly
impeded the parents’ opportunity to participate in the decision‐making process concerning
provision of FAPE to the child, or caused a deprivation of educational benefit. 20 U.S.C.
§1415(f)(3)(E)(ii); 34 C.F.R. §300.513(a)(2). The IDEA requirement and the Rowley standard
therefore are met when a child's program provides more than a trivial or de minimis
educational benefit. See Polk v. Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit 16, 853 F.2d 171
(3d Cir. 1988). The Third Circuit has interpreted the phrase “free appropriate public
education” to require “significant learning” and “meaningful benefit” under the IDEA. See
Ridgewood Board of Education v. N.E., 172 F.3d 238, 247 (3d Cir. 1999).
The IDEA and its implementing regulations require regarding identification of children with
disabilities that
1. In evaluating each child with a disability under §§ 300.304 through
300.306, the
evaluation is sufficiently comprehensive to identify all of the child’s special education
and related services needs, whether or not commonly linked to the disability category
in which the child has been classified.
2. Assessment tools and strategies that provide relevant information that directly assists
persons in determining the educational needs of the child are provided.
See 34 C.F.R. § 300.304 (c) (6)‐(7). See also 1412(a)(6) and 1414(b)(1)‐(3)
The IDEA and its implementing regulations require regarding educationally programming
that an IEP for a child with a disability be responsive to the child’s identified educational
needs and must
include present levels of educational performance, measurable annual
goals, a statement of how the child’s progress toward those goals will be measured, and the
specially designed instruction and supplementary aids and services which will be provided,
as well as an explanation of the extent, if any, to which the child will not participate with
non‐disabled children in the regular classroom. 20 U.S.C. § 1414(d); 34 C.F.R. §300.320(a)
and 34 C.F.R. §300.324.
b. Extended School Year Services
Regarding ESY, the Pennsylvania State Special Education regulations provide at 22 Pa.
Code§ 14.132
(a) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference
in 34 CFR 300.106 (relating
to extended school year services), school entities shall use the following standards for
determining whether a student with disabilities requires ESY as part of the student’s
program:
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(1) At each IEP meeting for a student with disabilities, the school entity shall determine
whether the student is eligible for ESY services and, if so, make subsequent determinations
about the services to be provided.
(2) In considering whether a student is eligible for ESY services, the IEP team shall
consider the following factors; however, no single factor will be considered determinative:
(i) Whether the student reverts to a lower level of functioning as evidenced by a
measurable decrease in skills or behaviors which occurs as a result of an interruption in
educational programming (Regression).
(ii) Whether the student has the capacity to recover the skills or behavior patterns in
which regression occurred to a level demonstrated prior to the interruption of educational
programming (Recoupment).
(iii) Whether the student’s difficulties with regression and recoupment make it unlikely
that the student will maintain the skills and behaviors relevant to IEP goals and objectives.
(iv) The extent to which the student has mastered and consolidated an important skill or
behavior at the point when educational programming would be interrupted.
(v) The extent to which a skill or behavior is particularly crucial for the student to meet
the IEP goals of self‐sufficiency and independence from caretakers.
(vi) The extent to which successive interruptions in educational programming result in a
student’s withdrawal from the learning process.
(vii) Whether the student’s disability is severe, such as autism/pervasive developmental
disorder, serious emotional disturbance, severe mental retardation, degenerative
impairments with mental involvement and severe multiple disabilities.
(b) Reliable sources of information regarding a student’s educational needs, propensity to
progress, recoupment potential and year‐to‐year progress may include the following:
(1) Progress on goals in consecutive IEPs.
(2) Progress reports maintained by educators, therapists and others having direct contact
with the student before and after interruptions in the education program.
(3) Reports by parents of negative changes in adaptive behaviors or in other skill areas.
(4) Medical or other agency reports indicating degenerative‐type difficulties, which
become exacerbated during breaks in educational services.
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(5) Observations and opinions by educators, parents and others.
(6) Results of tests, including criterion‐referenced tests, curriculum‐based assessments,
ecological life skills assessments and other equivalent measures.
* * *
(d) Students with severe disabilities such as autism/pervasive developmental disorder,
serious emotional disturbance; severe mental retardation; degenerative impairments with
mental involvement; and severe multiple disabilities require expeditious determinations of
eligibility for ESY services to be provided as follows:
(1) Parents of students with severe disabilities shall be notified by the school entity of the
annual review meeting to encourage their participation.
(2) The IEP review meeting must occur no later than February 28 of each school year for
students with severe disabilities.
(3) The Notice of Recommended Educational Placement shall be issued to the parent no
later than March 31 of the school year for students with severe disabilities.
(4) If a student with a severe disability transfers into a school entity after the dates in
paragraphs (2) and (3), and the ESY eligibility decision has not been made, the eligibility and
program content must be determined at the IEP meeting.
(e) School entities shall consider the eligibility for ESY services of all students with
disabilities at the IEP meeting. ESY determinations for students other than those described
in subsection (d) are not subject to the time lines in subsection (d). However, these
determinations shall still be made in a timely manner. If the parents disagree with the
school entity’s recommendation on ESY, the parents will be afforded an expedited due
process hearing.
3. Compensatory Education
Compensatory education is an equitable remedy. Lester H. v. Gilhool, 916 F.2d 865 (3d Cir.
1990). A disabled student’s right to compensatory education accrues when the school knows or
should know that the student is receiving an inappropriate education.” Ridgewood Bd. Of Educ.
v. N.E., 172 F.3d at 250. Determination of an award of compensatory education, however, must
take into consideration “the time reasonably required for the school to rectify the problem …
since a school district may not be able to act immediately to correct an inappropriate IEP; it
may require some time to respond to a complex problem.” M.S. v. Central Regional Sch. Dist.,
81 F.3d 389, 397 (3d Cir. 1996).
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In the event that a district is found responsible for the provision of compensatory education,
certain statutory and regulatory limitations apply to the award. Specifically, the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act, (“IDEA”) at 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1415(f)(3)(C)(2005) and Sec.
1415(b)(6)(B) provides that “A parent or agency shall request an impartial due process hearing
within 2 years of the date the parent or agency knew or should have known about the alleged
action that forms the basis of the complaint, or, if the State has an explicit time limitation for
requesting such a hearing.., in such time as the State law allows.” 20 U.S.C. §
1415(f)(3)(C)(2005). See also 34 C.F.R. Section 300.511(e).
The IDEA implementing regulations as 34 C.F.R. Section 300.507(a)(2) reiterates this standard
but also explains that the due process complaint must allege a violation that occurred not more
than two years before the date the parent or public agency knew about the alleged action that
forms the basis of the due process complaint, or, if the state has an explicit time limitation for
filing a due process complaint under this part, in the time allowed by that State law, except that
the exceptions to the timeline described in Section 300.511(f) apply to the timeline in this
section. Id. Specifically, Section 300.511(f) provides that the timelines described in paragraph
(e) of section 300.511(e) do not apply to a parent if the parent was prevented from filing a due
process complaint due to – (1) specific misrepresentations by the LEA that it had resolved the
problem forming the basis of the due process complaint; or (2) the LEA’s withholding of
information from the parent that was required to be provided to the parent. See 34 C.F.R..
Section 300.511(f).
Because the relief requested in the instant matter includes compensatory education and tuition
reimbursement, only
evidence that addresses the years for which the hearing officer can offer
relief and the time period immediately proceeding to determine whether the district was
attempting to address the issues of non‐FAPE will be considered in the calculation of relief.
Therefore background information and other facts that predate June 18, 2008 will be excluded
from the record except for
a. what the district knew or should have known prior to July 18, 2008 related to the time
reasonably required for it to rectify the alleged problem; and
b. when the parent knew or should have known about the alleged action
that formed the
basis of the complaint.
The first issue is whether, during the time period related to the program in place from June
2008 to the present, the District conducted an appropriate and comprehensive evaluation of
the child. The record reflects that between 2004 when the child was first
identified as eligible
for special education and the December 2008 the District had not administered valid
assessments of any type of language or social functioning until a speech language assessment
of December 22, 2008 which did not specifically address peer relationship skills.
The second issue must be whether the IEP resulted
in meaningful progress.
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In the instant matter, the record is replete with evidence that the Student’s behavior impeded
[the] child’s learning and the learning of others. Therefore, the IEP Team must “consider the
use of positive behavioral interventions and supports, and other strategies, to address that
behavior.” 34 C.F.R. §300.324(a)(2)(i); see also 20 U.S.C. § 1414(d)(e)(B). Pennsylvania
regulations further require that “[b]ehavior support programs and plans must be based on a
functional assessment of behavior and utilize positive behavior techniques.” 22 Pa. Code §
14.133(b).
The Pennsylvania State Special Education regulations provide that in addition to all of the
requirements found in federal regulations, the IEP of each student with a disability must include
a description of the type or types of support that the student will receive, the determination of
which may not be based on the categories of the child’s disability alone. 22 Pa. Code Sec.
14.131(a)(1).
In this matter, the IEP team has not seriously considered all of the Student’s challenging
behaviors until March of 2010. The last time that the District investigated through valid
assessments the Student’s levels of functioning in the social and emotional domains was in
2004 when [Student] was in third grade and attending elementary school. Even though there
were reports of inappropriate social interactions throughout the time period applicable to this
matter, no attempt was made to reassess the student. In the November 2004 evaluation
report, it noted that the lowest WISC‐IV scores were in the areas of practical judgment and
social reasoning. Moreover, the Children’s Symptom Inventory noted numerous elevations on
the Asperger’s Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Scales. None of the subsequent evaluations
address these issues to determine the extent to which they were impacting upon the Student’s
functioning.
The Student’s IEP were similarly lacking in addressing these presenting issues. None of the
Behavior Support Plans noted the student’s social behavior or peer interactions as significant
concerns. It was not until May of 2009 that these needs were addressed by the IEP and not
until October of 2009 was the student given opportunities to practice social skills with
neurotypical students in a structured or semistructured setting. It was not March of 2010 that
the District developed an IEP with a Behavior Support Plan that was appropriate to meet the
Student’s needs.
Having said that, the remedy of compensatory education is equitable in nature and its award
may be limited. In the instant matter, the Parents did not share information with the District
regarding the Student’s at home functioning or psychiatric hospitalizations; they would not
complete the paperwork necessary to initiate school‐based counseling, they requested that the
District postpone the FBA for 6‐8 weeks delaying the compilation of data to support a revised
Behavior Support Plan, and they canceled an IEP meeting scheduled to discuss the Behavior
Support Plan. While each of these actions were clearly acceptable decision to make, they did
have consequences as it related to the District’s ability to timely address the Student’s needs
and provide appropriate educational program. For that reason, they are significant to the
calculation of compensatory education.
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Because the record is replete with references to the District’s awareness of the Student’s lack
of social cognition and its impact upon peer relationships, [Student’s] sensory needs,
[Student’s] communication needs, the District knew or should have known that it should
address these needs. Therefore, no time period post‐dating the June 18, 2008 limitation period
will be excluded in the calculation of compensatory education. The District had ample
information to know of this problem sufficiently before that date.
The District did, however, begin to address the Student’s social needs in a meaningful way in its
October 9, 2009 IEP. Most significantly,
it included speech and language goals to the IEP to
address pragmatic speech and peer relationships and to provide opportunities for the Student
to practice these skills with neurotypical children. It also requested permission to conduct an
FBA and to provide school based counseling for the Student. In both of those circumstances,
the Parents’ action derailed the District’s forward momentum toward its appropriate IEP and
Behavior Support Plan in March 2010. Therefore, the time period for which the District owes
compensatory education is June 18, 2008 and October 8, 2009.
The equities support a conclusion that this award should also include
compensatory education
for ESY services for the Summer of 2009 only. The Parents offered no testimony or evidence to
support a conclusion that the District failed or failure should be imputed to the District for the
manner it address ESY for the Summer of 2008. Regarding the Summer of 2010, the Parents
rejected the District’s offer of ESY indicating that they would be out or away during the whole
summer. There was a qualitative difference in the evidence presented by the Parents regarding
the Summer of 2010 taken as a whole and in light of the equities of the case, suggested a
remedy. First, while it is the Parents’ burden of proof to articulate the District’s obligation in
this regard, the fact that the District never collected data to on the Student’s social functioning
precluded them from considering this in an ESY analysis. Moreover, at the end of the 2008‐
2009 school year, it had identified significant pragmatic and peer relationship issues with the
Student and then stopped programming for them at the end of the year. When the Student
returned to the District after the summer, the rate of [Student’s] inappropriate socialization
and showed a marked increase from the prior year suggesting a break in programming
negatively impacted [Student’s] level of functioning. Therefore, based upon each of these
factors, the Parents have met their burden regarding the Summer of 2009, and the District
owes the Student 50 hours of compensatory for its failure to address all of the Student’s
presenting issues in its consideration of the need for ESY services for the Summer of 2009.
All testimony regarding actions that constituted “bullying” that the Student suffered at the
hand of other students was objected to hearsay, so it cannot form the basis of a finding.
Further, what is not supported by the
record is that all of the incidents actually occurred as the
Parent testified or that the Student was not one of the bullying parties. Moreover, the record
supports a conclusion that the District had in place supports to investigate and address the
issues related to the Student’s negative interactions with [Student’s] peers. However, it is not
necessary at this time to render a decision regarding whether bullying prevented the Student
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from receiving a free appropriate public education because other factors resulted in a
deprivation of a free appropriate public education.
What is supported by the record is that the Student had extreme reactions to what was
described by the Parents as bullying. The District has for some time recognized that the
Student lacked social skills and was regularly engaging in behavior that would have singled
[Student] out as different than the other students, yet it continued to rely extensively on the
services of a paraprofessional to implement [Student’s] IEP. This is the basis for the award of
compensatory education.
2. Tuition Reimbursement
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (“IDEA”), 20
U.S.C. Sec. 1400 et seq., and the implementing regulations codify the parental right to
tuition reimbursement if a district does not make a timely offer of FAPE and the equities
which can automatically weigh against the parents in their attempt to obtain tuition
reimbursement, specifically
If the parents of a child with a disability, who previously received special education and
related services under the authority of a public agency, enroll the child in a private
elementary or secondary school without the consent of or referral by the public agency,
a court or a hearing officer may require the agency to reimburse the parents for the
costs of that enrollment if the court or hearing officer finds that the agency had not
made a free appropriate public education available to the child in a timely manner prior
to that enrollment.
See 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1412(a)(10)(C)(ii); 34 C.F.R. Sec. 300.148(c). It further provides that, in
the part pertinent to the instant matter
[T]he cost of reimbursement may be reduced or denied if at the most recent IEP
meeting that the parents attended prior to removal of the child from public
school, the
parents did not inform the IEP Team that they were rejecting the placement proposed
by the public agency to provide a free appropriate public education to their child
including stating their concerns and their intent to enroll their child in a private school at
public expense; or ten business days prior to the removal of the child from the public
school, the parents did not give written notice to the public agency of the information
described [above]; If prior to the parents’ removal of the child from the public school,
the public agency informed the parents … of its intent to evaluate the child (including a
statement of the purpose of the evaluations that was appropriate and reasonable), but
the parents did not make the child available for such evaluation; or upon judicial finding
of unreasonableness with respect to actions taken by the parents.
20 U.S.C. Sec. 1412(a)(10)(C)(iii); 34
C.F.R. Sec. 300.148 (d)(1)‐(3).
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If the parents of a child with a disability are not satisfied with the particular program proposed
by the school, the U.S. Supreme Court held that parents may enroll their child in a private school
and seek reimbursement from the public school. See Burlington School Committee v. Department
of Education, 471 U.S. 359, 105 S. Ct. 1996 (1985); Florence County School District Four v. Carter,
510 U.S. 7, 114 S. Ct. 361 (1993). The Burlington Court established a three‐part test for
approving reimbursement for unilateral private school placements. The parents prevail if they
show (a) that the placement proposed by the school did not comply with the IDEA's FAPE
requirement, (b) that: their private placement was appropriate, and (c) that "equitable
considerations" justify an award.
At the time that the District recommended the [Redacted] program, the student was either
hospitalized or recently discharged from hospitalization due to significant psychiatric
involvement. The [Redacted] program proposed by the District was appropriate this time for
the student based upon the information the Student’s level
of functioning at the time of the IEP
when the decision was made. Therefore the Parents have failed to establish that the
placement proposed by the District did not comply with the IDEA’s FAPE requirement.
While the Student’s presenting needs may have stabilized at this time, the program and
placement
recommendations, the reasonableness of their proposal must be viewed at the time
that they were offered. Significantly, Dr. K’s independent evaluation report recommends a
placement in an Approved Private school that includes such supports as psychiatric
intervention, medical management, emotional and behavioral support, strong academic
program and social skills training. She subsequently referred the Parents to investigate
[Redacted] Academy for the Student which she admits she has limited knowledge of actual
program the Parents are seeking to put the child in. Upon review of the hearing testimony of
the [Academy] representative, the supports that Dr. K deemed necessary for the student were
not available there. To the contrary, [Redacted] did offer an environment with the therapeutic
supports Dr. K recommended. It also offers the Student the opportunity to participate in the
general curriculum of the School District. The fact that the [Redacted] program cannot
replicate all of the fine programs at [Redacted] Academy is not a fatal flaw to the District’s offer
of FAPE.
Because the District’s proposed program is appropriate for the Student, it is not necessary to
engage in an analysis of the Academy’s program.
3. Reimbursement of Dr. K’s Evaluation
At the August 12, 2010 session of the hearing, the District stipulated that it would reimburse
the Parents’ for the costs that they incurred for Dr. K’s report. Therefore, the hearing officer is
no longer called upon to resolve this issue, and upon the appropriate documentation being
presented by the Parents to the Director of Special Education, the payment will be processed by
the District and payment will be sent to the Parents within sixty days of the date the necessary
documentation was proffered by the Parents.
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CONCLUSION
The Parents have met their burden of proof to demonstrate that the District did not offer the
Student a FAPE. Based upon the equitable quality of relief requested by the parents, the time
period for which the District must provide compensatory education is between June 18, 2008
and October 8, 2009 The District shall provide 2 hours of compensatory education for each
school day during that time to make up for the lack of appropriate academic instruction and
social skills training it did not provide to the Student during that period. It will also provide 50
hours to make up for the failure to provide the Student with ESY services for the Summer of
2009.
The Parents has not met their burden of proof to demonstrate that the District’s proposed
program and placement are inappropriate. Therefore, the District does not have to reimburse
the Parents for the costs that they may incur as the result of the Student’s attendance at
[Redacted] Academy.
The District stipulated to reimburse the costs incurred by the Parents for the independent
educational evaluation completed by Dr. K.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 1st day of September, 2010, it is hereby ordered that, for the reasons cited
above,
1. The School District must provide two hours of compensatory education to the Student
as the result of failing to provide a free appropriate public education for each school day
between June
18, 2008 until October 9, 2009. It must also provide 50 hours of
compensatory education for failing to provide appropriate ESY programming for the
Summer of 2009. The monetary value rate for each of these hours shall be provided to
the Parents to be used to at the Parents’ discretion for any educational or behavioral
purpose on the Student’s behalf including private tuition, including behavior support,
psychological support as it relates to education, on‐line educational or behavioral
courses, summer school courses, academic field trips, and other services that would
benefit the Student educationally at least until [Student] reaches age 21 except services
that are specifically prohibited by law.
2. The Parents’ request for tuition reimbursement for [Redacted] Academy is denied
because they have not met their burden to demonstrate that the District’s proposed
program and placement are not appropriate for the Student.
3. In light of its on‐record stipulation,
the District shall reimburse the Parents the costs
they incurred for the independent educational evaluation of Dr. K within 60 days of their
submission of the necessary documentation to the School District.
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All other relief requested by the Parents not addressed by this order is specifically denied.
Rosemary E. Mullaly, Esquire
SPECIAL EDUCATION HEARING OFFICER
Date of decision: September 7, 2010
