Montgomery County IU/EI Program | Case 00062-09-10 | 2010-05-08
Pennsylvania special education due-process decision
- Case number
- 00062-09-10
- Date
- 05/08/2010
- Parties / district (official listing)
- Montgomery County IU/EI Program
- Hearing officer
- Gloria Satriale
- Issues (official listing)
- Compensatory Education Placement Independent Educational Evaluation
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Decision text
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This is a redacted version of the original decision. Select details have been removed
from the decision to preserve anonymity of the student. The redactions do not affect the
substance of the document.
PENNSYLVANIA
SPECIAL EDUCATION HEARING OFFICER
DECISION
S t u d e n t : B D
Date of Birth: xx/xx/xxxx
Hearing Dates: February 4, February 24, and March 18, 2010
ODR File No.: 00062‐0910AS / 00561‐0910AS
Consolidated
CLOSED HEARING
School District: Montgome ry County Intermediate Unit
Parties: Representatives:
Mr. & Mrs. Parent Attorney : Caryl Oberman Esquire
The Law Offices of Caryl Andrea Oberman
Grove Summit Office Park
607A North Easton Road
Willow Grove, PA 19090
Montgomery County Intermediate Unit Attorney
: Timothy E. Gilsbach
Intermediate Unit Fox Rothchild, LLP
10 Sentry Parkway, Suite 200
P.O.Box 3001
Blue Bell, PA 19422‐3001
Date Record Closed: April 23, 2010
Decision Date: May 8, 2010
Hearing Officer: Gloria M. Satriale, Esquire
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INTRODUCTION AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
This case concerns the provision of a Free Appropriate Public Education
(hereinafter FAPE) for [Student] (hereinafter referred to as “Student”), an eligible 5
year old student, diagnosed with autism who resides with his parents in [Redacted
city], Pennsylvania. The action challenges the actions of the Montgomery County
Intermediate Unit (hereinafter referred to as “Intermediate Unit or IU”) in failing to
timely or adequately evaluate the student and in failing to timely and adequately
provide an appropriate placement and associated related services of a one on one
aide; occupational therapy, speech/language therapy and ABA therapy in the home
resulting in a denial of a FAPE and to an entitlement to reimbursement and
compensatory education.
Due process concerning the curre nt matter was filed with the Office for
Dispute Resolution on July 16, 2009 and December 15, 2009 and on January 12,
2010 moved to consolidate the complaints. The matter was initially assigned to
Hearing Officer Deborah DeLauro and was reassigned to the undersigned prior to
convening the first hearing.
For the reasons that follow, I find in favor of the PARENTS IN PART and the
INTERMEDIATE UNIT IN PART with a MODIFIED award for tuition reimbursement
and reimbursement of related services and a MODIFIED award for Compensatory
Education as outlined in the attached ORDER and a DENIAL of reimbursement for
privately secured evaluations.
ISSUES
(1) Whether compensatory education for services for the 2008‐2009 school year is
warranted,
(2) whether the Parents are entitled to reimbursement for independent evaluations
and therapeutic services for the 2008‐2009 school year, and
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(3) whether Parents are entitled to reimbursement for preschool tuition for the
2008‐2009 and 2009‐2010 school years.
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. The Student is a five year old eligible young child who resides within the
boundaries of the geographical area for which the Montgomery County
Intermediate Unit (“Intermediate Unit/IU”) provides services for early
intervention and lives with his Parents in [Redacted City], Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania. [Stipulation, NT 35‐36].
2. The IU is responsible for providing under its auspices early intervention services
to county residents between the ages of three and the age of beginners.
[Stipulation, NT 35‐36].
3. The Student is an eligible young child under Pennsylvania law and an eligible
child under IDEA, Part B. [Stipulation, NT 36].
4. The Student’s conditions of disability include autism spectrum disorder and
speech and language disability. [Stipulation, NT 36].
5. The Intermediate Unit conducted its initial psychological and occupational
therapy evaluations of the Student in an untimely manner, outside of the
relevant statutorily‐required timeframes. [Stipulation, NT 38‐39].
6. At age two, the Student was enrolled in a typical preschool at [Redacted
Preschool]. [NT 132].
7. The Parent expressed concern to the pre‐school regarding the student’s lack of
eye contact, limited social interaction, and restricted range of interests.
Teachers at the pre‐school did not share the concerns of the parent. [NT 131‐
133]
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8. The Parent removed the student from the [Redacted Preschool]in order to place
him in a pre‐school better equipped to address the concerns she had regarding
the behavior and development of the student. [NT 133‐136]
9. Within one week of the start of the Student’s attendance at [Redacted
Preschool] (hereinafter may be referred to as “[REDACTED PRESCHOOL]”), his
teacher [Redacted Teacher]and the head of school [Redacted
Administrator]reported to the Parents that they had observed things that
suggested to them that the Student had at minimum, some sensory issues. They
suggested that the Student be observed by professionals and directed the
Student’s parents to Federation Early Learning Services for an evaluation. [NT
135‐136]
10. [Redacted Preschool]staff in mid‐July of 2008 noted the Student’s issues to
include lack of eye contact, not responding to his name, having no sense of
personal space, becoming fixated on items such as toys and food, having
difficulties in social activities, taking toys from other children and destroying
their buildings, and needing everything he sees. [P‐1, p. 2]. The Parents received
almost daily reports from [Redacted Preschool]of those issues at school. [NT
136‐137].
11. In August and September of 2008, occupational therapist Susan Moses of
Federation Early Learning Services conducted an evaluation of the Student
which included background information from the Student’s mother, two of his
teachers and [Redacted Administrator] as well as observations totaling 6 hours
over 2 opportunities. Ms. Moses issued a report of her findings showing
developmental lags and issues, including lags in gross motor, fine motor and oral
motor skills, talking randomly and out of turn, balance, auditory distractibility,
frequent need for redirection and exaggerated need for positive reinforcement,
sensory processing difficulties in several areas, constant need for boundaries
and limit setting, need for help in using language with peers and possible
anxiety. [P‐2, pp. 1‐8]. Recommendations included 26 interventions,
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modifications, and supports, to wit: increased structure, the use of sensory
strategies, direct occupational therapy and one to one assistance in class.[P‐2,
pp. 8‐12] as well as a recommendation that the Parents contact the Intermediate
Unit for “developmental evaluations in all areas of development and…ongoing
consultation in the classroom.” [P‐2, p. 12].
12. Ms. Moses provided direct occupational therapy services to the Student, for
which the Parents paid privately, from October 2, 2008 through March 19, 2009.
[P‐3; NT 144, 146, 594‐595]. She also provided consultative services to
classroom staff at [Redacted Preschool] . [P‐2; P‐6; NT 473]. Services for
occupational therapy during this time period, paid for by the Parents totaled
Two Thousand and Fifteen Dollars ($2,015.00). [P‐3]
13. The program at [Redacted Preschool]was, at all times relevant hereto, an
appropriate program to meet the needs of the student. [NT 345‐372; 443‐460]
14. On October 3, 2008, the Student’s mother contacted the Intermediate Unit to
request services for the Student and to inquire how to start the evaluation
process. [NT 139, 142‐143; Exhibits P‐4, P‐5 and P‐29]
15. The Student’s mother completed the paperwork to initiate the evaluation
process prior to the end of October. The Intermediate Unit logged in the Child
and Family Profile and Teacher/Caregiver Questionnaire as received November
13, 2008, nearly two weeks later. [NT 139‐141; Exhibits P‐4 and P‐5].
16. The Teacher/Caregiver Questionnaire solicits information regarding a child’s
focus, attention span for individual and group activities, interaction with both
peers and adults, cooperation with classroom routines, asking and answering
questions, following directions, speech intelligibility, fine and gross motor skills,
and transitions. The Student’s mother indicated concerns in each of these areas.
[P‐4].
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17. In the Child and Family Profile, the Parents list their reasons for seeking
services from the Intermediate Unit as the Student’s constant random talking,
speaking off topic even in a one to one setting, perseveration on ideas, topics and
toys, sensory processing, focus and non‐responsiveness. [P‐5, p. 2]. The Parents
listed his needs as not being able to sit still, developmental lags in gross, oral and
fine motor skills, anxiety, trouble focusing, distractibility, inability to understand
boundaries and trouble keeping up with friends on the playground. [P‐5, p. 7].
They also informed the Intermediate Unit of their concern about the Student’s
limited eye contact, aggression, difficulty with transitions, and atypical speech
behaviors. [P‐5, pp. 8‐10].
18. The Student’s mother followed up with the Intermediate Unit in December 2008
and January 2009 to inquire regarding the status of the previously submitted
paperwork and to request an evaluation date. [NT 142‐143]
19. In the fall of 2008 and the winter of 2008‐2009, the Student continued to have
problems in school, He was disruptive in class and had meltdowns, often
triggered by transitions and by anxiety. [Redacted Preschool] assigned a one to
one shadow to the Student several days a week beginning on November 17,
2008 and billed the Parents for that additional service. [Redacted Preschool]
eventually sought reimbursement for these services from the Intermediate Unit
in the amount of One Thousand Five Hundred and Seventy Five Dollars ($1,
575.00). [NT 144‐145, 455‐456; P‐6, p. 1; P‐7; P‐12; P‐39; P‐47]
20. Having received no response from the Intermediate Unit about any scheduling
of an evaluation, the Parents had the Student privately evaluated, at their own
expense, by neurologist Dr. Joyce Sapin on January 12, 2009, and at her
recommendation by a developmental pediatrician Dr. Anna Baumgaertel on
January 27, 2009. [P‐8; P‐10; NT 146‐147, 595‐596]. Dr. Sapin diagnosed the
Student with Aspergers/autistic spectrum disorder and characteristics of
sensory integration dysfunction. [P‐8, p. 3]
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21. Both Dr. Sapin’s report and Dr. Baumgaertel’s report note that the Student had
a personal aide/wraparound services in school. [P‐8, p. 1; P‐10, p. 2]
22. Dr Baumgaertel in her report reported the Parents’ continuing concern with the
Student’s motor coordination, language development and socialization. She
diagnosed the Student with disruptive behavior disorder, low motor tone, mild
neurological dysfunction, motor planning disorder, visual motor delay, and
sensory modulation dysfunction, and as at risk for anxiety disorder and ADHD
with some atypical features. She recommended occupational and physical
therapy, sensory integration including a sensory diet, social activities and social
skills intervention in a small group setting, and pairing with children who are at
least cognitively average. [P‐10, pp 1, 4‐5]
23. The Parents provided the Sapin and Baumgaertel reports to the Intermediate
Unit in January, 2009. [NT 63, 142, 149]
24. Following receipt of the privately obtained evaluations, the Intermediate Unit
scheduled an evaluation for February 2, 2009. [NT 143‐144; P‐11] At the time of
the evaluation the Parents were provided a Permission to Evaluate form
(hereinafter may be referred to as “PTE”), by the Intermediate Unit evaluators.
[NT 143‐144] Procedural Safeguards were not timely provided [P‐12; NT152]
25. The Permission to Evaluate was issued and signed by the Parents on February 2,
2009. [ P‐11; NT 60]
26. The Permission to Evaluate noted that the evaluations to be used included
“Occupational Therapy Evaluation and Educational Assessment (Battelle
Developmental Inventory)”. [P‐11 at 1]
27. Ms. McCaughey has been employed with the IU for seven years as a case
manager and was assigned as the Student’s case manager. [NT 45]
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28. Ms. McCaughey determined the types of evaluations to be performed based “on
the information shared in terms of needs” and looked to the information
provided by the Students’ parents and teachers. [NT61, P‐4, P‐5]
29. The Intermediate Unit’s evaluation comprised of a psychological evaluation by
Dennis Kerr and an occupational therapy evaluation by Dr. Wong. [P‐14; NT
152]. Neither evaluator observed the Student in a school or home settings or
spoke to any of his teachers at school. [NT 154]
30. Mr. Kerr routinely reviews every document in a student’s file as part of his
evaluation process. [NT 562]
31. The Evaluation Report states that the Student has a difficult time with
reciprocal conversation, engages in constant random talking, speaks off topic
during conversations, and has a difficult time initiating and sustaining contact
with his same age peers. [P‐14, pp. 6‐7]
32. The Intermediate Unit’s Evaluation Report recommended, inter alia, the need for
the Student to initiate and sustain social contact with same age peers and play
with peers, to imitate peer’s play activity and to engage in interactive play. [P‐14.
p. 14] The Report further recommended the use of peer modeling and the use of
role play for modeling language skills, the use of social stories to assist in
learning conversational skills, use of peer modeling for social language cues, role
playing with a peer or adult with social language issues or events that typically
would present themselves in play, encouragement to participate in teacher‐
directed tasks, and opportunities to practice skills. [P‐14, p. 15]
33. Mr. Kerr determined that [Student] was eligible for services under the category
of autism. [P‐14]
34. It is the Intermediate Unit’s protocol to perform a speech and language
evaluation for any child diagnosed with autism. [NT 583‐586] The Intermediate
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Unit failed to observe that protocol in the Student’s case and did not evaluate his
speech as part of its Evaluation Report. [P‐ 14; NT 582‐583]
35. The Intermediate Unit did not assess the Student in all areas of his suspected
disability and did not use multiple instruments to evaluate him even in the
limited areas that it did assess. [NT 152, 154, P‐4, P‐5]
36. No other evaluations were performed. [NT 159, 165‐166] The Evaluation Report
was dated April 2, 2009 and was received by the Parents on April 13, 2009
37. Prior to issuing the Evaluation Report to the Parents, Ms. McCaughey contacted
the Students Mother to set up the Student’s initial IEP meeting for April 24, 2009.
[NT158]
38. Private occupational therapy services ceased in March 2009 due to a lack of
funds by the Parents. [NT 156‐157, 171]
39. At the IEP meeting on April 24, 2009, the only person present from the
Intermediate Unit was Ms. McCaughey, functioning as both the LEA
representative and as the special education teacher. [NT 168, 70‐71]. The
Student’s classroom teacher at [Redacted Preschool] was present for a part of
the meeting [NT 168‐169]. The Student’s mother and [Redacted Administrator]
of [Redacted Preschool], were present. The two Intermediate Unit evaluators,
Mr. Kerr and Dr. Wong, were listed as having been excused. [P‐16, p. 6; NT 169‐
170]
40. An IEP was issued on April 30, 2009, which included a total of sixty (60) minutes
per week of itinerant teacher services and sixty (60) minutes of occupational
therapy per week. [P‐16 at 20; NT 72]
41. The IEP provided that services would not be provided during breaks. [P‐16 at
21]
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42. Parents signed a NOREP agreeing to this IEP on May 5, 2009. [P‐16 at 3]
43. The IEP included three goals in occupational therapy and three goals in social
skills. [P‐16 at 13‐19]
44. The social goals were expected to be met through itinerant teacher hours pushed
into the students existing private preschool setting. [NT 75]
45. The Intermediate Unit relied upon an OCDEL policy stating that “[i]f an IEP team
determines that without a typical preschool experience at public expense a child
cannot make meaningful educational progress on the IEP and be provided FAPE,
IU EI program is responsible for making the placement in a typical community
setting. However, without the issue of FAPE, IU is not necessarily responsible for
honoring parental requests for purchasing slots or reimbursement for typical
preschool” in making its decision not to offer any “placement” in which to deliver
services to support its failure to offer a pre‐school setting or to fund the setting
the student currently attended. [NT 425 – 437; P‐60 at 4]
46. [REDACTED PRESCHOOL] is a religious school in which twenty‐five percent of
the year is spent on religious activities. [NT 309]
47. An FBA was conducted by Dr. Feige with observations of the Student at
[REDACTED PRESCHOOL]. [NT 507‐508]
48. During the observations, Dr. Feige saw minimal issues in terms of behaviors on a
day when the Student did not have a one to one aide. [NT 507, 552]
49. Dr. Kupersmith explained that during the course of this observation, the Student
did not exhibit his “usual frequent behaviors.” [P‐31]
50. Student was seen by Dr. Baumgaertel on July 3, 2009, for a follow‐up visit. [P‐24]
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51. Dr. Baumgaertel recommended that Student continue at [REDACTED
PRESCHOOL] with an ABA trained shadow, ABA management support at home
for two hours per day, occupational therapy, language interventions, and play
therapy. [P‐24 at 1]
52. This evaluation report was provided to the I.U. on July 8, 2009 [P‐25 at 4]
53. Parents requested a speech and language evaluation on June 24, 2009. (P‐22 at
29]
54. A Re‐Evaluation Report was issued on July 6, 2009, that included a speech and
language evaluation. [P‐25].
55. Parents filed a Due Process Complaint on July 16, 2009. [P‐29]
56. A Resolution Session was held between the parties on August 6, 2009. [NT 41; P‐
34]
57. Parents requested an FBA on June 12, 2009. [P‐21 at 4]
58. A revised IEP and NOREP was issued to the Parents on September 1, 2009. [P‐
40]
59. The IEP included the following services: (1) one sixty minute group session and
one thirty minute individual session of speech and language therapy per week,
(2) Two sixty minute sessions of itinerant teacher support per month; (3)
Twenty Four hours per week of personal care assistant support to follow
[REDACTED PRESCHOOL]’s schedule, (4) Twelve hours per month of behavior
supervision; (5) Two forty‐five minute sessions of occupational therapy per
week and thirty minute consult per week; (6) Ten hours per week of home
behavior programming; (7) and ninety minutes per month for behavior team
meetings. [P‐40 at 3, 44‐45]
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60. Parents agreed to this IEP by NOREP signed on September 11, 2009. [P‐40 at 3]
61. The results of the FBA were included in this IEP. [P‐40 at 16].
62. A subsequent Re‐Evaluation Report was issued by the I.U. on September 23,
2009, that included a FBA. [P‐42]
63. An IEP meeting was held on October 6, 2009, at which time a new IEP was
offered and presented to the Parents. [P‐ 44]
64. Parents signed NOREP agreeing to this IEP on October 10, 2009. [P‐44 at 3]
65. A second Due Process Complaint was filed on December 15, 2009, seeking
reimbursement for [REDACTED PRESCHOOL] for the 2009‐2010 school year.
[P‐45]
66. Parents filed an Amended Due Process Complaint on or about January 12, 2010,
requesting consolidation of these two matters. [P‐54]
67. A total of Six‐Thousand Two‐Hundred and One Dollars ($6,201.00) for services
over the course of the 2008‐2009 school year and summer of 2009 have been
paid [P‐39 at 3]
68. Four‐Thousand Nine Hundred and Fifteen Dollars ($4,915.00) in tuition for the
2008‐2009 school year has been paid by the parents. [Id.]
69. One‐Thousand One Hundred and Twenty‐Five Dollars ($1,125.00) for summer
programming has been paid by the parents. [Id.]
70. The additional costs paid by Parents include payments for an enrichment
program, lunch bunch, and other fees. [Id.]
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71. Six‐Thousand and Nineteen Dollars for tuition at [REDACTED PRESCHOOL] for
the 2009‐2010 school has been paid by the parents. [P‐39 at 1]
72. The parties attended a resolution meeting on August 6, 2009. A due process
hearing on the consolidated matters was conducted in this matter on February
4, 2010, February 24, 2010, and March 18, 2010
a. Exhibits were submitted and admitted into evidence on behalf of
the Hearing Officer as follows:
i. HO‐1
b. Exhibits were submitted and admitted into evidence on behalf of
the Parent and accepted as joint submissions by the Intermediate
Unit as follows:
i. P‐1, P‐2, P‐3, P‐4, P‐5, P‐6, P‐7, P‐8, P‐9, P‐10, P‐11,
P‐12, P‐13, P‐14, P‐15, P‐16, P‐17, P‐18, P‐19, P‐20,
P‐21, P‐23, P‐25, P‐26, P‐27, P‐28, P‐29,P‐30, P‐31,
P‐32, P‐33, P‐34, P‐35, P‐36, P‐37, P‐38, P‐39, P‐40,
P‐42, P‐44, P‐45, P‐46, P‐47, P‐55
c. Exhibits were submitted and admitted into evidence on behalf of
the Intermediate Unit as follows:
i. SD‐40
d. The following exhibits were submitted objection sustained:
i. P‐35, P‐46
e. The following exhibits were withdrawn:
i. P‐18, P‐27, P‐36
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION OF LAW
The Right to a Free and Appropriate Public Education and Burden of Proof
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”) requires that a state
receiving federal education funding provide a “Free Appropriate Public Education”
(“FAPE”) to disabled children. 20 U.S.C. § 1412(a)(1). In Pennsylvania, the
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Commonwealth has delegated the responsibility for the provision of a FAPE to its
local school districts. School districts provide a FAPE by designing and
administering a program of individualized instruction that is set forth in an
Individualized Education Plan (“IEP”). 20 U.S.C. § 1414(d). The IEP “must be
‘reasonably calculated’ to enable the child to receive ‘meaningful educational
[Student]efits' in light of the student's ‘intellectual potential.’ ” Shore Re g'l High Sch.
Bd. of Ed. v. P.S., 381 F.3d 194, 198 (3d Cir.2004) (quoting Polk v. Cent. Susqueh anna
Intermediate Unit 16, 853 F.2d 171, 182‐85 (3d Cir.1988). In assessing whether an
individualized program of instruction is “reasonably calculated” to enable the
student to receive meaningful [Student]efit, the progress noted must be more than a
trivial or de minimis. Board of Education v. Rowley, 458 U. S. 176, 73 L.ed.2d.690, 102
S.Ct.3034 (182); Ridgewood Board of Education v. M.E. ex.rel. M.E., 172 F.3d 238 (3d
Cir.1999).
These federal regulatory requirements apply no less to children between the
ages of three and five than to any other eligible child suspected of having a
disability. Indeed, Pennsylvania has explicitly adopted into its Early Intervention
regulations the federal IDEA provisions on evaluations, IEPs and early intervening
services. 22 Pa. Code Section 14.102(a)(2); 34 CFR Section 300.226.
A parent who believes that a school has failed to provide a FAPE may request
a hearing, commonly known as a due process hearing, to seek relief from the school
district for its failure to provide a FAPE. 34 C.F.R. § 300.507. In Pennsylvania, the
hearing is conducted by a Hearing Officer. Carlisle Area Sc h. v. Scott P., 62 F.3d 520,
527 (3d Cir.1995).
As the moving party, the student bears the burden of proof in this
proceeding. The United States Supreme Court has held that the burden of proof in
an administrative hearing challenging a special education provision of FAPE is upon
the party seeking relief, whether that party is the disabled child or the school
district. Schaffer v. Weast_U.S, 126 S. Ct.528, 163L. Ed.2d 387 (2005). In Re J.L and the
Ambridge Area School District, Special Education Opinion No. 1763 (2006). Because a
student’s parents seek relief in this administrative hearing, they bear the burden of
proof in this matter. i.e., they must ensure that the evidence in the record proves
each of the elements of their case. The U.S. Supreme Court has also indicated that, if
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the evidence produced by the parties is completely balanced, or in equipoise, then
the party seeking relief (i.e., student’s parents) must lose because the party seeking
relief bears the burden of persuasion. Schaffer v. Weast_U.S. _, 126 S. Ct.528, 163L.
Ed.2d 387 (2005); L.E. v Ramsey Board of Education, 435 F. 2d 384 (3d Cir.2006). Of
course, where the evidence is not in equipoise, one party has produced more
persuasive evidence than the other party.
Evaluation
Pursuant to 34 CFR §300.502(b)(i), a parent is entitled to reimbursement of
an Independent Educational Evaluation (hereinafter referred to “IEE”) at public
expense if they disagree with the District evaluation report and the District
evaluation report is in some way inappropriate. Holmes v. Millcreek Tp. School
Dist., 205 F.3d 583 (3rd Circ. 2000). See also P.P. ex rel. Michael P. v. West Chester
Area School Dist., 585 F.3d 727, 740 (3rd Circ. 2009) (Third Circuit agreed with
holdings of Hearing Officer, Appeals Panel, and District Court that, because the
parents were not challenging the District's evaluation, the District was not
responsible for reimbursement for privately‐obtained IEE); In Re: The Educational
Assignment of D.S., (rejects IEE reimbursement on legal grounds because no
evidence that parents disagreed with District’s evaluation).
The applicable regulations provide that a parent may obtain an independent
educational evaluation (“IEE”) at public expense when “the parent disagrees with an
evaluation obtained by the public agency.” 34 C.F.R. §300.502(b)(1)(emphasis
added). The central test in determining if a parent is entitled to reimbursement for
an IEE is whether “a school district’s evaluation was appropriate and whether the
parent disagreed with it.” In re: J.P., Pa. SEA No. 1573 at 12 (2005). “The threshold
requirement, then, is that parents disagreed with the District’s evaluation.” Id. at 13
(emphasis added) see also Rebecca H. Holmes v. Millcreek Township Sch. Dist., 205
F.3d 583, 590 (3d Cir. 2000).. “Where, as here, the parents set the IEE in motion
well before the completion of the District’s [or I.U’s] evaluation and, obviously, prior
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to a point when they could have knowledge whether they agreed with it or not, this
initial requirement is not met.” Id. In addition, “the IEE must answer questions not
previously raised, provide essential new information, or add something to the
prevailing understanding of the student’s disability. A mere showing of differences
between the district and independent evaluations is not, though, sufficient.” In re:
J.P., Pa. SEA No. 1573 at 13 (2005)(emphasis added). For the reasons detailed
below, the Parents in the present matter have failed to meet these requirements
and, accordingly, are not entitled to the reimbursement for the evaluations. In
addition, as noted below, the I.U. had seventy (70) days from the date that the
Parents requested an evaluation or the I.U. knew or should have known that the
Student needed to be evaluated to complete the evaluation. 22 Pa. Code § 14.123;
33 C.F.R. §300.301(c)(1)(i).
In the present case, the Parents arranged for the evaluations for which they
now seek reimbursement prior to receiving the I.U.’s evaluation and prior before the
time by which the I.U. would be required to complete any evaluation of the Student.
The Parents provided some information with respect to the Student’s needs to the
I.U. on November 13, 2008. [P. Ex. 4 at 1; P. Ex. 5 at 1; P. Ex. 29 at 6]. Based upon
the information provided, to the extent that it showed the need for the I.U. to
complete an evaluation, the I.U. had ten (10) days to provide a PTE and then sixty
(60) days from the execution of the same to conduct and issue an evaluation report,
or until January 12, 2009. See 22 Pa. Code § 14.123; 33 C.F.R. §300.301(c)(1)(i).
Parents obtained an evaluation from Dr. Sapin on January 12, 2009, before the I.U.
had completed its evaluation and on the date the evaluation from the I.U. would be
due. [P. Ex. 8 at 3; N.T. Vol. III p. 595] Finally, the Parents took the Student to Dr.
Baumgaertel to be evaluated on January 27, 2009, prior to the I.U. completing its
evaluation and prior to the Parents knowing whether they would agree or disagree
with the I.U.’s evaluation. [P. Ex. 10 at 1; N.T. Vol. III p. 596] In the present case,
there is simply no evidence to show that the Parents obtained the private
evaluations as a result of a disagreement with the I.U.’s evaluations, but, to the
contrary, the Parents put these evaluations in motion prior to the I.U. completing its
evaluations and prior to when the Parents could have even known they would
disagree with the IU’s evaluation. In addition, it appears these evaluations were set
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in motion prior to the timeframe in which the IU was even obligated to complete its
own evaluation.
PreSchool Placement and Reimbursement for Private PreSchool Tuition and
Related One on One Support
The early intervention statute defines, at 11 P.S. Section 875‐103, early
intervention services as, inter alia, developmental services provided under public
supervision; designed to meet the developmental needs of a eligible young child in
physical, cognitive, sensory, language and speech, psychosocial or self‐help skill
development; are provided to eligible young children in compliance with the
provisions of this act and Part B of the IDEA, including procedural safeguards and
free appropriate public education, related services and IEPs; and are provided in the
least restrictive environment appropriate to the child’s needs (hereinafter referred to
as “LRE”). Eligible young children who will be served in a non‐home‐based setting
must, to the maximum extent consistent with the child’s abilities, receive early
intervention services in a setting with nonhandicapped children. (emphasis
supplied).
Early intervention agencies must adhere to the LRE requirement and must
provide a range of services, which they are explicitly empowered to do either
directly or through contracts with community agencies, including presc hools. 22 Pa.
Code Section 14.155(a). Early intervention IEP teams must recommend that early
intervention services be provided in the least restrictive environment with
appropriate and necessary supplemental aids and services, and may elect to provide
them in a typical preschool program with non‐eligible young children. 22 PA. Code
Section 14.155 (b)(1). Adherence to the principals of LRE is not at issue in this
case as the parties agree that the student requires a typical preschool.
It is uncontroverted, however that the Intermediate Unit offered no setting
in which the student could receive the other services offered restricted or least
restrictive (e.g occupational therapy, intenerate teaching)1. The Intermediate Unit
argues that it was not required to provide a pre‐school setting in that:
1 There are alternative methods to placement in a regular private preschool to met LRE. These methods
include providing opportunities for the participation (even part time) of pre-school children with disabilities
Page 18
17
a. The Intermediate Unit relied upon an OCDEL policy stating that “[i]f
an IEP team determines that without a typical preschool experience at
public expense a child cannot make meaningful educational progress
on the IEP and be provided FAPE, IU EI program is responsible for
making the placement in a typical community setting. However,
without the issue of FAPE, IU is not necessarily responsible for
honoring parental requests for purchasing slots or reimbursement for
typical preschool” in making its decision not to offer any “placement”
in which to deliver services to support its failure to offer a pre‐school
setting or to fund the setting the student currently attended. ( NT 425
– 437; P. Ex. 60 at 4).
And;
b. The student was already enrolled in a pre‐school setting at the time
the team decided that a typical preschool environment
2 was
necessary in order to meet identified goals [NT 439].
Analysis of the Intermediate Units first position is swift and easy. The expert
reports, IEP and NOREP all support the need for the student to be immersed within
an early childhood environment which provides a framework and structure for
supports and interventions to facilitate, integrate and generalize appropriate social
reciprocity, social navigation, and social participation. [NT 345‐372, 386‐388, 443‐
460 464‐474; P‐10 Report of Baumgartel stating exposure to typically developing
peers [Student]eficial; P16 NOREP indicating recommended educational placement
in other pre-school programs operated by public agencies (such as Head Start); (2) Placing children with
disabilities in private school programs for non-disabled pre-school children or private school pre-school
programs that integrate children with disabilities in regular elementary schools. 34 C.F.R. 300.552
2 As the Intermediate Unit agreed to provide services within a pre-school placement in that the student was
already enrolled and proceeded to use that setting to push in additional services, they, de facto, agreed to
the appropriateness of the setting for the purposes of service provision. The objection to the pre-school
lodged by the IU was not that the environment was inappropriate, but that they did not want to pay for it. In
fact the record is devoid of any objection lodged to the pre-school setting prior to the institution of due
process.
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18
is an Early Childhood environment; P‐16 IEP indicating student to participate in
typical preschool program). A FAPE required a pre‐school placement in this case.
The Intermediate Unit violated its own policy of providing a pre‐school
setting where “[i]f an IEP determines that without a typical preschool experience at
public expense a child cannot make meaningful educational progress on an IEP and
be provided a FAPE, the Intermediate Unit Early Intervention Program is
responsible for making the placement in a typical community setting [P‐60 at 4 NT
424‐425]
3.
The behavioral, social and communication needs of the student as identified
by the evaluations and the team and the interventions and supports engineered to
address them are inextricably interwoven with and dependent upon the stimulus,
naturally occurring cues and naturalistic teaching opportunities occurring within
the environment where services are delivered. Particularly with respect to the
pervasive nature of the core deficits common to the diagnosis of autism, and most
importantly with respect to the social skills interventions necessary to the future
success of young children with this diagnosis, it is not possible to parse the “service”
from the framework in which they are provided. The provision of supportive
services should not be viewed in a vacuum
4.
The fundamental core of each IEP goal promulgated by the team requires as a
necessary component the availability of peers and activities promoting interaction
with those peers. The need for adult supervision and facilitation (teachers) and a
“place” to conduct these activities (classroom) is obvious. Taken together, these
components equal a pre‐school setting. Failure to provide the pre‐school setting is a
failure of FAPE.
When an educational agency fails to offer FAPE, it may be required to pay for
services in a proper setting chosen by the parents and require the educational
agency to preemptively remedy its’ clearly inappropriate offer or, in this case, lack
thereof, by funding the eligible young child’s placement in his typical pre‐school. In
3 An OCDEL Policy against funding private pre-school settings without built in exceptions for the
provision of FAPE would be in contravention to IDEA. The Intermediate Unit’s policy of “not being in the
business of funding pre-school placements” [NT 78, 81, 494] flies in the face of IDEA protections.
4 Although it is certainly reasonable and, in fact, quite common for services for a child to be clinic based
only and deemed appropriate (e.g. Physical Therapy) this is not the situation at bar.
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re: the Educational Assignment of Jonathan .S., Special Education Opinion No.1181
(2001), rev’d on other ground sub nom. Delaware County Intermediate Unit v.
Jonathan S., 809 A. 2d 1051 (Pa. Commonw. Ct 2002). a school district can be required
to fund a private pre‐school program if necessary to meet a child’s needs as defined
in the IEP. Notes to 34C.F.R.300.522 (1992); Bd. of Education of LaGrange Sch. Dist. V
Illinois State Bd. of Educ., 29 IDELR 369 (N.D. III. 1998) (a private pre‐school is the
LRE where no *10 aspects of the disability of a four old with Downs Syndrome
required the “at‐risk” program offered by the district which prescreened children
for academic or language difficulties); See, e.g., Office of Special Education Programs
ruling 22 IDELR 630, 663 (1995) (if placement team determines, based on child’s
IEP, that pre‐schooler needs interaction with non‐disabled peers, public agency is
responsible for making available appropriate program in the least restrict
environment at no cost to parents); and Office of Special Education Programs ruling
16 EHLR 739 (to meet LRE requirement, each pre‐schooler’s placement must be
consistent with determination of the child’s ability to be educated in regular
education programs. In the instant case the student’s ability to be educated in a
typical pre‐school program was specific finding of the team).
The Intermediate Unit’s second argument that it was not required to fund a
preschool placement because the student was currently enrolled in pre‐school is
equally unpersuasive. The Intermediate Unit argues that even if it can be
determined that a pre‐school setting is necessary to provide a FAPE, they are not
required to provide one since the student was already enrolled and attending a pre‐
school program prior to any contact with the Intermediate Unit or determination of
eligibility. The federally mandated provision of a FAPE does not provide for an
analysis of “where the educational agency finds the child” taking into account all
resources currently in place and then seek to “fill the gaps” as this argument seems
to imply. A FAPE consists of “educational instruction specially designed to meet the
unique needs of the handicapped child” supported by services necessary to permit
the child to [Student]efit. In Bd. of Educ. V Rowley, 458 U.S. 176,181,203 (1982)
at
188‐89.
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20
The Intermediate Unit’s difficulty in reconciling these policies is likely
derived from the fact that publically funded pre‐school is not widely embraced5 in
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (provision of publically funded pre‐school
services available in connection with Head Start services only.) as well as a
perceived confusion regarding placement vs. services (social skills is not a service
[NT 74]). In fact, the Pennsylvania Department of Education has explicitly stated
“that there is currently no universal preschool in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania.” BEC Early Intervention and Private Schools 11 P.S. 875‐304 (Jul. 1,
2003) also see Allyson B. v. Montgomery County Intermediate Unit, U.S. Dist. LEXIS
32159, *41‐*42 (E.D. Pa 2010).
It is expected that with the advent of and concentration on early intervention
services and the continued development of these programs and the wealth of
positive outcome research now available regarding the indicia of success preschool
experiences have for young children, the debate regarding pre‐school as a part of
public responsibility vs. parent responsibility to elect should diminish and publically
available options for pre‐school services will increase.
Finally, the traditional analysis regarding reimbursement for unilateral
private placements is not warranted here in that the traditional analysis whether
public funds may be used to fund private education is based upon the premise that
the student cannot be adequately provided for in the district. See Burlington School
Committe vs. Dept of Educ. 471U.S. 359 (1985); Florence County School District
vs.Carter 510 U.S.7 (1983.
This is not a case in which an LEA has offered a placement, and the parents
have nevertheless placed their child in a placement they prefer triggering an
analysis of the appropriateness of each. This is a case in which IU has offered no
placement at all, and Student’s parents have filled the gap, thereby allowing the
Student’s IEP to be delivered as written
6.
5 The fact that “pre-school” is currently offered in many forms rather than a uniform adhere to the usually
envisioned structure of what constitutes public education complicates this issue – particularly as it may
relate to an analysis of appropriateness.
6 The program at [Redacted Preschool] is appropriate. See footnote 2 regarding the imputed stipulation by
the Intermediate Unit regarding the appropriateness of the pre-school program.
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The non‐secular nature of [REDACTED PRESCHOOL] does not render it
improper, nor is it a bar in any way to a reimbursement remedy. Zelman v.
SimmonsHarris, 536 U.S. 639 (2002); Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203 (1997); Zobrest
v. Catalina Foothills School District, 509 U.S. 1 (1993); Christen G. v. Lower Merion
School District, 919 F. Supp. 793 (E.D. Pa. 1996); In re the Educational Assignment of
B.C., Special Education Opinion No. 1821 (2007). However, the Non‐secular nature
is to be considered when seeking public funds to support the private placement.
Teachers testified that approximately 25% of the day is a devoted to religious
activities including assemblies of prayer. Although it certainly can be agreed that a
given activity, while carrying a religious “theme” can be geared to satisfy curricular
requirements or state standards and result in education [Student]efit7, a religious
focus is a preference asserted by the parent. Even in light of the failure of the
Intermediate Unit’s failure to provide any options for placement, the ultimate and
unilateral choice by the parent should not be should not be asserted at public
expense to the extent the environment includes components that are not directly
linked to the needs established by the IEP team (e.g. enrichment activities or secular
activities)
8.
In addition to reimbursement for the Student’s tuition at [Redacted
Preschool] since February 15 of 2009, the Parents are also entitled to
reimbursement for the costs they have incurred in providing a one to one shadow
for the Student at [Redacted Preschool] from February 15, 2009. The evidence is un‐
contradicted that the Student required and requires one on one assistance to enable
him to participate appropriately in a typical school year preschool program. [NT
600, 145‐146; P‐39; P‐47]
Finally in light of the inordinate and unjustified delay in this matter coupled
with the numerous procedural violations
9 and failure of this agency to operate
7 In fact following the teachers testimony regarding the average amount of time spent in a day on religions
activities, the director of the program, who was present for all of the teachers testimony sought to
“rehabilitate the teacher’s testimony in linking religious activities to PA Standards. It is notable that the
teacher did not offered testimony regarding how she links religious activity to curricular requirements.
8 It is noted that the Intermediate Unit offered no evidence regarding the reasonableness of the cost of the
pre-school chosen by the parent.
9 The long string of procedural violations by the Intermediate Unit (e.g. failure to provide notices; failure to
comply with statutory deadlines ) in addition to a denial of a FAPE amounting to a depravation, constitutes
an independent and coextensive basis for the provision of a remedy. See In re the Educational Assignment
Page 23
22
within its own protocol for evaluation of children suspected to fall within the autism
spectrum, the equities in this matter are entirely on the Parents’ side.
Reimbursement will be awarded as calculated in the Order for reimbursement of
tuition as well as the cost of one on one supports.
Compensatory Education as a Remedy
Compensatory education is an appropriate remedy where a school district
knows or should know that a child’s educational program is not appropriate or that
the student is receiving only trivial educational [Student]efit, and the district fails to
remedy the problem. The period of compensatory education granted should be
equal to the period of deprivation, excluding the period of time reasonably required
for the district to act accordingly. Ridgewood Board of Education v. M.E. ex.rel. M.E.,
172 F.3d 238 (3d Cir.1999); M.C. v. Central Regional School District, 81 F. 3d 389 (3rd
Cir. 1996).
However a technical violations, of which there were many in this case, alone
do not entitle a student to compensatory education. A mere procedural glitch or
technical violation of the IEP is insufficient. A violation must amount to a
substantive effect on the child's ability to receive FAPE in order to hold the district
responsible for any procedural glitches, such as the instant issue of difficulty with
delivering related services.
20 U.S.C. 1415(f)(3)(E)(ii), 34 C.F.R. 300.513(2) provides:
(2) In matters alleging a procedural violation, a Hearing Officer may find that
a child did not receive FAPE only if the procedural inadequacies —
(i) Impeded the child’s right to a FAPE;
(ii) Significantly impeded the parent’s opportunity to
participate in the decision‐making process regarding
the provision of a FAPE to the parent’s child; or
(iii) Caused a deprivation of educational [Student]efit.
of J.W.., Special Education Opinion No. 1723 (2006). (Procedural violations yield entitlement to
compensatory education).
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Having been found eligible for special education, the student is entitled by
federal law, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as reauthorized
by Congress December 2004, 20 U.S.C. Section 600 et seq. and Pennsylvania Special
Education Regulations at 22 PA Code § 14 et seq. to receive a Free Appropriate
Public Education (FAPE). FAPE is defined in part as: individualized to meet the
educational or early intervention needs of the student; reasonably calculated to
yield meaningful educational or early intervention benefit and student or child
progress; provided in conformity with an Individualized Educational Program (IEP).
As previously noted, a student’s special education program must be
reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive meaningful educational
benefitat the time that it was developed. Board of Education v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176,
102 S. Ct. 3034 (1982); Rose by Rose v. Chester County Intermediate Unit, 24 IDELR 61
(E.D. PA. 1996). The IEP must be likely to produce progress, not regression or trivial
educational advancement Board of Educ. v. Diamond, 808 F.2d 987 (3d Cir. 1986].
Polk v. Central Susquehanna IU #16, 853 F.2d 171, 183 (3rd Cir. 1988), cert. denied,
488 U.S. 1030 (1989), citing Board of Education v. Diamond, 808 F.2d 987 (3rd Cir.
1986) held that “Rowley makes it perfectly clear that the Act requires a plan of
instruction under which educational progress is likely.” (Emphasis in the original).
The IEP must afford the child with special needs an education that would confer
meaningful [Student]efit. The court in Polk held that educational benefit“must be
gauged in relation to the child’s potential.” Districts need not provide the optimal
level of service, maximize a child’s opportunity, or even a level that would confer
additional benefits, since the IEP as required by the IDEA represents only a basic
floor of opportunity. Carlisle Area School District v. Scott P., 62 F. 3d at 533534.;
Hartmann v. Loudoun County Bd. of Educ., 118 F.3d 996, 1001 (4th Cir. 1998);
Lachman, supra. In creating a legally appropriate IEP, a school district is not
required to provide an optimal program, nor is it required to “close the gap,” either
between the child’s performance and his untapped potential, or between his
performance and that of non‐disabled peers. In Re A.L., Spec. Educ. Opinion No. 1451
(2004); See In Re J.B., Spec. Educ. Opinion No. 1281 (2002)
If personalized instruction is being provided with sufficient supportive
services to permit the student to benefitfrom the instruction the child is receiving a
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“Free Appropriate Public Education as defined by the Act.” Polk, Rowley. The
purpose of the IEP is not to provide the “best” education. The IEP simply must
propose an appropriate education for the child. Fuhrman v. East Hanover Bd. of
Educ., 993 F. 2d 1031 (3d Cir. 1993). (See also Board of Education v. Murphysboro v.
Illinois Bd. of Educ., 41 F.3d 1162 (7th Cir. 1994) (Under the IDEA a District must
follow the procedures set forth in the act, and develop an IEP through procedures
reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational [Student]efits.
More recently, the Eastern District Court of Pennsylvania ruled, “Districts need not
provide the optimal level of services, or even a level that would confer additional
[Student]efits, since the IEP required by the IDEA represents only a basic floor of
opportunity.” S. v. Wissahickon Sch. Dist., 2008 WL 2876567, at *7 (E.D.Pa., July 24,
2008), citing Carlisle, 62 F.3d at 534, citations omitted. . See also, Neena S. ex rel.
Robert S. v. School Dist. of Philadelphia, 2008 WL 5273546, 11 (E.D.Pa., 2008).
The starting point for the determination of the appropriateness of an offer
of a FAPE is the initial evaluation from which the needs of a student are identified.
In order for an evaluation to be determined to be appropriate, it must meet the
requirements of 34 CFR § 300.532
. More specifically, the Evaluation Report (ER)
should: 1) utilize a variety of assessment tools and strategies to gather relevant
functional and developmental information about the student, including information
provided by the parents; 2) assess the student in all areas related to the suspected
disability; 3) be sufficiently comprehensive to identify all of the student’s special
education and related services needs; and 4) utilize technically sound instruments
to assess the relative contribution of cognitive, behavioral, physical and
developmental factors. See In Re the Educational Assignment of L.M. B., Special Educ.
Op. No. 1795 (2007).
The pertinent sections of the federal special education regulations, 34 C.F.R.
§§300.304 through 300.311 require:
that initial evaluations be conducted within sixty (60) calendar days; 34
C.F.R. §300.301(1)(i); See also 22 Pa. Code §14.153(4)(i);
that a child must be assessed in all areas related to the suspected disability,
and the evaluation must be sufficiently comprehensive to identify all of the
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child’s special education and related services needs; 34 CFR §300.304(c)(4);
22 Pa. Code Section 14.153(2).
that the evaluation must be sufficiently comprehensive to identify all of the
child’s special education and related services needs, whether or not
commonly linked to the disability category in which the child has been
classified; 34 C.F.R. §300.304(c)(6); see also 22 Pa. Code Section 14.153(2).
that the assessment tools and strategies provide relevant information that
directly assists persons in determining the educational needs of the child; 34
CFR §300.304(c)(7); 22 Pa. Code Section 14,153(3).
that the evaluation use “a variety of tools and strategies” to gather relevant
functional information, including information provided by the parent, that
may assist in developing a program for a preschool child enabling the child
“to participate in appropriate activities”; 34 C.F.R. §300.304 (b)(1) and
(b)(1)(ii); and
that evaluations must be administered “in the form most likely to yield
accurate information on what the child knows and can do academically,
developmentally and functionally…”; 34 C.F.R. §300.304(c)(1)(ii).
The Intermediate Unit evaluated the Student inadequately and l ate. It failed to
assess him for nearly a year in critical areas in which it was aware that he likely had
special education needs. The evaluations conducted by the IU failed to include any
observations in the students natural environments of home or sc hool and failed to
even compile interview information from teachers. Even though the student was
suspected of an autism spectrum disorder, diagnostic instruments specifically
geared to this disability were not used. In fact, topography o f the evaluations failed
each of the criteria enumerated above. (NT 152, 154; P‐4; P‐5) The IU failed to
f o l l o w i t s o w n p r o c e d u r e s a n d p r o t o c o l s i n a s s i g n i n g h i m a c a s e manager,
conducting a screening and conducting a speech evaluation as pa rt of his evaluation
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as a student with autism. It delayed a behavioral evaluation/ FBA until the time of
the school year precluded its proper provision. See In re the Educational Assignment
of L.B., Special Education Opinion No. 1145, p.5.
The Intermediate Unit failed to provide legally required prior written notice on a
t i m e l y b a s i s o r s o m e t i m e s a t a l l , i n c l u d i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o Requests for
Permission to Evaluate, procedural safeguards notices, invitati ons to IEP meetings,
evaluation and reevaluation reports.
The Intermediate Unit failed tim ely to provide IEP‐required ser vices and
failed to ensure that those services were delivered consistently. It failed to offer the
Student a free placement capable of meeting his needs. It failed to have available a
continuum of services that includes opportunities to integrate with typical peers.
Nothing in the record points to the Parent seeking services bey ond those
required to meet the minimum threshold of a FAPE. The record e stablishes the
opposite result. Even the bare minimal services took an unacce ptable amount of
time to put in place. Once in place, services were not assured or occurred at a time
where no meaningful benefitcould have possibly been derived. (NT 503‐510)
An LEA’s failure to provide a child with FAPE entitles that chi ld to a remedy,
which may be compensatory education. The determination of an appropriate
equitable remedy for violations of FAPE is left to the sound discretion of the Hearing
Officer and may, in an appropriate case, include both reimbursement and
compensatory education, so long as those remedies are not overl apping. See In Re
the Educational Assignment of C.H., Special Education Opinion No. 1179 (2001),
(awarding compensatory education and tuition reimbursement for inappropriate
evaluation, procedural violations and defective IEP).
Following a determination that there was a depravation of FAPE, calculation
of the claim for compensatory education to remediate that depra vation depends
upon a determination of the time the IU was required to begin s ervices and the date
upon which, if ever, appropriate services begin. Compensatory education is an
a p p r o p r i a t e r e m e d y f o r t h e g a p p e r i o d o r e n t i r e p e r i o d o f f a i l ure to provide
appropriate services. Alex K v. Wissahickon Sch. Dist., 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1994, *25
n. 6 (E.D.Pa. 2004) citing M.C. v. Central Regional Sch. Dist., 81 F.3d 389, 397 (3d. Cir.
1996)
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The regulations require, if the Parents request an evaluation orally, the
Intermediate Unit has ten (10) days to issue a PTE and sixty (6 0) days after receipt
of the PTE to complete the Evaluation Report and provide it to the Parents. 22 Pa.
Code § 14.123(c) ; 33 C.F.R. §300.301(c)(1)(i) ; 22 Pa. Code § 14.153(4)(i) . The
Intermediate Unit then, unless the requirement is waived, must wait at least ten
(10) days to hold an IEP meeting to offer an IEP based upon the results of the
evaluation. 22 Pa. Code § 14.131(a)(1) . The Intermediate Unit then has fourteen
(14) days from the completion of the IEP to implement the IEP. 22 Pa. Code §
14.154(d)(1). Thus, ninety four (94) days after the initial evaluation req uest, the
IU’s duty to provide services begins. Ninety‐four (94) days fr om November 13,
2009, the date the Permission to Evaluate was returned, is February 15, 2009.
Therefore, the appropriate measure of the compensatory educatio n due to
the student is the hours of service required under his October 6, 2009 IEP for every
week that he attended school from February 15, 2009 through the date upon which
the services proposed in the September 1, 2009 actually began t o be consistently
implemented, less the number of hours actually received or paid f o r b y t h e
Intermediate Unit for each of the services enumerated in the September 1, 2009 IEP.
Compensatory Education is so awarded.
CREDIBITLTY OF WITNESSES
Hearing Officers are empowered to judge the credibility of witnesses, weigh
evidence and, accordingly, render a decision incorporating findings of fact,
discussion and conclusions of law. The decision should be based solely upon the
substantial evidence presented at the hearing. Spec. Educ. Op. No. 1528 (11/1/04),
quoting 22 PA Code, Sec. 14.162(f). See also, Carlisle Area School District v. Scott P.,
62 F.3d 520, 524 (3rd Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1135 (1996). Quite often,
testimony or documentary evidence conflicts; which is to be expected as, had the
parties been in full accord, there would have been no need for a hearing. Thus, part
of the responsibility of the Hearing Officer is to assign weight to the testimony and
documentary evidence concerning a child’s special education experience.
Hearing Officers have the plenary responsibility to make “express qualitative
determinations regarding the relative credibility and persuasiveness of the witness”.
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28
Blount v. LancasterLebanon Intermediate Unit, 2003 LEXIZ 21639 at *28 (2003). This
is a particularly important function, as in many cases the Hearing Officer level is the
only forum in which the witness will be appearing in person.
CONCLUSION
The Parent has met the burden o f proof establishing a denial of a FAPE on
substantive and procedural grounds. FAPE was denied as a matter of law in the
Intermediate Unit’s failure to comply with statutory guidelines governing timely
evaluation and the provision of a FAPE and therefore the Parent is entitled to
reimbursement for privately placed services as well as compensatory education.
Parent is also entitled to reim bursement for tuition for the private pre‐
school. While the issue of typical pre‐school as “service” or placement is challenging,
the nexus between the opportunity to participate on some level in some sort of pre‐
school setting which includes typical peers and a FAPE , on the facts of this
particular case is clear.
Finally although the equities w ould appear to weigh in favor of the parent
and the significant delay in evaluating and providing services to this child egregious
– particularly in light of the well settled common known research in favor of swift
and intensive early intervention for young children with autism the law is well
settled that there is no obligation to reimburse for a private evaluation, absent
preexisting a disagreement with a district issued evaluation.
Witnesses presented on behalf of the parent’s claim offered cr edible
testimony demonstrating firsthand knowledge of the facts. Witnesses presented on
behalf of the Intermediate Unit appeared to have difficulty reconciling disparate
facts or were at a loss to explain inconsistencies, delays, omissions.
ORDER
The student was denied a FAPE by the Intermediate Unit’s:
Failure to timely and adequately evaluate.
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29
Failure to comprehensively identify need and promulgate and
implement appropriate services
Failure to provide options for a setting within which adequate
services and support could integrate and facilitate meaningful
progress with typical peers in the LRE.
Therefore, based on the foregoing denial of a FAPE:
1. Parents’ request for tuition reimbursement for the 2008‐2009 school
year from January 2009 through August 2009 and the 2009‐2010 school
years for the Parents’ placement of Student at [Redacted Preschool]is
GRANTED in an amount equal to the total amount of tuition paid less
twenty‐five‐percent (25%) and further reduced by the amount paid for
enrichment activities excluding the amount paid for lunch bunch.
2. Parents’ request for reimbursement for the evaluations conducted by
Susan Cangialosi Moses, OTR/L, Joyce Sapin, M.D. and Anna Baumgaerte,
M.D., FAAP is DENIED.
3. Parents’ request for reimbursement for the occupational therapy services
provided is GRANTED. Reimbursement shall be for all costs incurred in
obtaining occupational therapy services from February 15, 2009 through
the date on which the Intermediate Unit began consistently providing two
hours per week of occupational therapy services.
4. Parents’ request for reimbursement for the costs incurred by [Redacted
Preschool]in providing Student for PCA services for the 2008‐2009 school
year is GRANTED in the amount of One Thousand Five Hundred and
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Seventy Two Dollars ($1,572.00). The award shall be paid directly to
[Redacted Preschool].
5. Parents’ request for compensatory education is GRANTED and Student is
awarded the following compensatory education to be provided by the
Intermediate Unit or by a provider of the Parents’ choosing at a rate not
to exceed the actual cost that would be incurred by the Intermediate Unit
to provide the services directly, in the following amounts, less any hours
actually provided or paid, for the period beginning February 15, 2009
through the time the services provided for in the September 1, 2009 IEP
were actually consistently provided:
a. One sixty minute group session and one thirty minute
individual session of speech and language therapy per week,
b. Two sixty minute sessions of itinerant teacher support per
month
c. Twenty Four hours per week of personal care assistant
support to follow [REDACTED PRESCHOOL]’s schedule,
d. Twelve hours per month of behavior supervision;
e. Two forty‐five minute sessions of occupational therapy per
week and thirty minute consult per week;
f. Ten hours per week of home behavior programming;
g. Ninety minutes per month for behavior team meetings.
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Dated: May 8, 2010 Gloria M. Satriale
G l o r i a M . S a t r i a l e , E s q . ,
S p e c i a l E d u c a t i o n H e a r i n g O f f i c e r
